Object Oriented Programming is most widely used programming paradigm and almost it provides a way to create and manage Objects.
Python is an object oriented programming language. python provide a keyword called class to create an Object. Everything in a python is an object with its methods, a class is like an object constructor.
Creating Classes
In python, a class is defined by using the keyword class. Every class has a unique name followed by a colon(:). A class can be defined anywhere in a python program.
Syntax
Class my_class:
Statement1
Statement2
..........
..........
Statement_n
Example:
class my_class:
a = 10
if a < 20:
print("This is an example for class")
Output:
This is an example for class
Note: Variables which are defined inside a class is known as class variables and functions which are defined inside a class is known members of class.
Creating Objects
Once a class is created, then we can create an object for a class.
Syntax
object_name = class_name()
Example:
class my_class:
a = 10
b = 20
c = a+b
n = my_class()
print(n.c)
Output:
30
We can create a function inside a class and call that function with object of the class.
Example:
class my_class:
a = "Hello"
b = "World"
def my_fun(c):
print(c.a)
print(c.b)
n = my_class()
n.my_fun()
Output:
Hello
World
__init__() Function
All classes have a function called __init__(). When a class is initiated the __init__() function will be executed. The __init__() function is similar to constructors in C++ and Java. Constructor is a special function that is automatically executed when an object of a class is created.
Example:
class my_class:
def __init__(self, a, b):
self.a = a
self.b = b
n = my_class("Python", "Tutorial")
print(n.a)
print(n.b)
Output:
Python
Tutorial
__del__() Function
The __del__() method is a known as a destructor method in Python. Destructors are called when an object gets destroyed. In python destructors are not needed because python has a garbage collector that handles memory management automatically.
Example:
class my_class:
def __init__(self):
print("Student created")
def __del__(self):
print("Destructor called, student deleted")
my_obj = my_class()
del my_obj
Output:
Student created
Destructor called, student deleted
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