In Python, a function is a block of code that is defined once and can be executed multiple times. Functions are a way to organize and reuse code, and they are an important part of the Python programming language.
To define a function in Python, you use the def keyword, followed by the name of the function and a pair of parentheses. The parentheses can contain parameters, which are variables that represent the input to the function.
For example:
Copy codedef greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name) This function, called greet, takes a single parameter called name and prints a greeting using the value of name. To call a function, you use the name of the function followed by a pair of parentheses, and you can pass in any arguments that the function is expecting.
For example:
Copy codegreet("John") # prints "Hello, John"
greet("Jane") # prints "Hello, Jane" Functions can also return a value to the caller by using the return statement.
For example:
Copy codedef add(x, y):
return x + y
result = add(3, 4) # result is 7Functions can be defined anywhere in a Python program, but they are usually defined at the beginning of a file or after any other functions they depend on. Functions can also be defined inside other functions, in which case they are called nested functions.
List of all Built-in Python Functions
| Function | Description |
| Abs() | returns absolute value of a number |
| All() | returns true when all elements in iterable is true |
| Any() | checks if any element of iterable is true |
| Ascii() | returns string containing printable representation |
| Bin() | converts integer to binary string |
| Bool() | converts a value to Boolean |
| Bytearray() | returns array of given byte size |
| Bytes() | returns immutable bytes object |
| Callable() | checks if the object is callable |
| Chr() | returns a character(a string)from an integer |
| Classmethod() | returns class method for given function |
| Compile() | returns a python code object |
| Complex() | creates a complex number |
| Delatrr() | deletes attribute from the object |
| Dir() | tries to return attributes of object |
| Divmod() | returns a tuple of quotient and remainder |
| Enumerate() | returns a enumerate object |
| Eval() | runs python code within program |
| Exec() | executes dynamically created program |
| Filter() | constructs iterator from elements which are true |
| Float() | returns floating point number from number, string |
| Format() | returns formatted representation of a value |
| Getattr() | returns value of named attribute of an object |
| Globals() | returns dictionary of current global symbol table |
| Hasattr() | returns whether object has named attribute |
| Hash() | returns hash value of an object |
| Help() | invokes the built-in help system |
| Hex() | converts to integer to hexadecimal |
| Id() | returns identify of an object |
| Isinstance() | checks if a object is an instance of class |
| Issubclass() | checks if a object is subclass of a class |
| Iter() | returns iterator of an object |
| Len() | returns length of an object |
| Locals() | returns dictionary of a current local symbol table |
| Map() | applies function and returns a list |
| Max() | returns largest element |
| Memoryview() | returns memory view of an argument |
| Min() | returns smallest element |
| Next() | retrieves next element from iterator |
| Object() | creates a featureless object |
| Oct() | converts integer to locals |
| Open() | returns a file object |
| Ord() | returns Unicode code for Unicode character |
| Pow() | returns x to the power of y |
| Print() | prints the given object |
| Property() | returns a property attribute |
| Range() | returns sequence of integers between start and stop |
| Repr() | returns printable representation of an object |
| Reversed() | returns reversed iterator of a sequence |
| Round() | rounds a floating point number to n digits places |
| Set() | returns a python set |
| Setattr() | sets value of an attribute of object |
| Slice() | creates a slice object specified by range |
| Sorted() | returns sorted list from a given iterable |
| Staticmethod() | creates a static method from a function |
| Str() | returns informal representation of an objects |
| Sum() | add items of an iterable |
| Super() | allow you to prefer parent class by super |
| Type() | returns type of an object |
| Vars() | returns_ dict _ attribute of a class |
| _import_() | advanced function called by import |
STRING FUNCTIONS
| Function | Description |
| Capitalize() | converts first character to capital letter |
| Casefold() | converts to casefolded strings |
| Center() | pads string with specified character |
| Count() | returns occurrences of substring in string |
| Encode() | returns encoded string of given string |
| Endswith() | checks if string ends with the specified suffix |
| Expandtabs() | returns tab character with spaces |
| Find() | returns index of substring |
| Format() | formats the string using dictionary |
| Format_map() | formats the string using dictionary |
| Index() | returns index of substring |
| Input() | reads and returns a line of string |
| Int() | returns integer from a number or string |
| Isalnum() | checks alphanumeric character |
| Isalpha() | checks if all characters are alphabets |
| Isdecimal() | checks decimal characters |
| Isdigit() | checks digit characters |
| Isidentifier() | checks for valid identifiers |
| Islower() | checks if all alphabets in a string are lowercase |
| Isnumeric() | checks numeric characters |
| Isprintable() | checks printable characters |
| Isspace() | checks whitespace characters |
| Istitle() | checks for titlecased string |
| Isupper() | returns if all characters are uppercase characters |
| Join() | returns s concatenated string |
| Ljust() | returns left _ justified string of given width |
| Lower() | returns lowercased string |
| Lstrip() | removes leading characters |
| Maketrans() | returns a translation table |
| Partition() | returns a tuple |
| Replace() | replaces substring inside |
| Rfind() | returns the highest index of substring |
| Rindex() | returns highest index of substring |
| Rjust() | returns right-justified string of given width |
| Rpartition() | returns a tuple |
| Rsplit() | splits string from right |
| Rstrip() | removes trailing characters |
| Slice() | creates a slice object specified by range() |
| Split() | splits string from left |
| Splitlines() | splits string at line boundaries |
| Startswith() | checks if string starts with the specified string |
| Strip() | removes both leading and trailing characters |
| Swapcase() | swap uppercase characters to lowercase; vice versa |
| Title() | returns a title cased string |
| Translate() | returns mapped character string |
| Upper() | returns uppercased string |
| Zfill() | returns a copy of the string padded with zeros |
LIST FUNCTIONS
| Function | Description |
| Append() | add single element to the list |
| Clear() | removes all items from the lists |
| Copy() | returns shallow copy of a list |
| Count() | returns occurrences of element in a list |
| Extend() | add element of a list to another list |
| Index() | returns smallest index of element in list |
| Insert() | inserts element to the list |
| List() | creates list in python |
| Pop() | removes element at given index |
| Remove() | removes element from the list |
| Reverse() | reverses a list |
| Slice() | creates a slice object specified by range() |
| Sort() | sorts elements of a list |
TUPLE FUNCTIONS
| Function | Description |
| Count() | returns occurrences of element in a tuple |
| Index() | returns smallest index of element in tuple |
| Slice() | creates a slice object specified by range() |
| Tuple() | creates a tuple |
| Zip() | returns an iterator of tuples |
SET FUNCTIONS
| Function | Description |
| Add() | adds element to a set |
| Clear() | removes all elements from a set |
| Copy() | returns shallow copy of a set |
| Difference() | returns difference of two sets |
| Difference_update() | updates calling set with intersections of sets |
| Discard() | removes an element from the set |
| Frozenset() | returns immutable frozenset object |
| Intersection() | returns intersection of two or more sets |
| Intersection_update() | updates calling set with intersection of sets |
| Isdisjoint() | checks disjoint sets |
| Issubset() | checks if a set is subset of another set |
| Issuperset() | checks if a set is superset of another set |
| Pop() | removes an arbitrary element |
| Remove() | removes element from the set |
| Set() | returns a python set |
| symmetric_difference() | returns symmetric sdifference |
| symmetric_difference_update() | updates set with symmetric difference |
| union() | returns union of sets |
| update() | add elements to the set |
DICTIONARY FUNCTIONS
| Function | Description |
| Clear() | removes all items |
| Copy() | returns shallow copy of a dictionary |
| Dict() | creates a dictionary |
| Fromkeys() | creates dictionary from given sequence |
| Get() | returns value of the key |
| Items() | returns view of dictionary’s(key, value) pair |
| Keys() | returns view object of all keys |
| Pop() | removes and returns element having given key |
| Popitem() | returns & removes element from dictionary |
| Setdefault() | inserts key with a value if key is not present |
| Update() | updates the dictionary |
| Values() | returns view of all values in dictionary |
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